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Federal documents hint at sweeping economic impact from central bank 91Ƶdigital loonie91Ƶ

Central bank met with federal officials over 2020 to gauge the implications of own cryptocurrency
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Governor of the Bank of Canada Tiff Macklem participates in a media availability at the Bank of Canada in Ottawa, on Wednesday, Dec. 15, 2021. THE CANADIAN PRESS/Justin Tang

Internal government documents show Finance Department officials believe there could be sweeping implications for the economy if the Bank of Canada ever issued its own cryptocurrency.

The Bank of Canada has spent years looking at whether to introduce a digital currency, but so far hasn91Ƶt seen an immediate need to issue one.

In one briefing note from last January, officials warned Finance Minister Chrystia Freeland that the issuance of a central bank digital currency would entail 91Ƶwide-reaching implications for the economy, the financial system91Ƶ and the Bank of Canada91Ƶs operations.

The documents also show the central bank held a series of meetings with federal officials over the course of 2020 to gauge the implications of a 91Ƶdigital loonie91Ƶ on departments and agencies.

Large swaths of the documents obtained by The Canadian Press under the access-to-information law have been blacked out because the department says they contain sensitive government information.

But what remains suggest some federal concerns about a central bank digital currency, with departments wanting to provide more input before a decision is made.

The Bank of Canada has upped the pace of its work on a digital currency, mirroring efforts by counterparts in other countries as the COVID-19 pandemic accelerates the transition to a digital economy.

The bank only plans to issue a digital currency if the use of physical bills for transactions plummets and one or more private cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin, become widely used in Canada.

The government and central bank have paid more attention to planned stablecoins whose value is less volatile, as the name implies, and are backed by cash and government securities.

The use in Canada of private cryptocurrencies tied to the American dollar would strain the Bank of Canada91Ƶs ability to manage monetary policy for the benefit of the country, said Jeremy Kronick, associate director of research at the C.D. Howe Institute.

He said the bank needs to incentivize private cryptocurrencies to use the Canadian dollar as a backing.

91ƵThe government could quash this thing in a second. The government could just say, 91Ƶforget it, you can91Ƶt transact in Canada,91Ƶ91Ƶ said Kronick, who recently co-authored a paper about the merits of a Bank of Canada digital currency.

91ƵI don91Ƶt think they want to because there are benefits to the private cryptos that people like, but we want to also maintain that public good function. To do that, I think the (central bank digital currency) is the way to go.91Ƶ

Research by the central bank suggests the probability of people using Bitcoin is tied to its prevalence 91Ƶ the more people who adopt it, the more likely others will follow suit 91Ƶ as well as how optimistic users feel about Bitcoin91Ƶs future.

The paper published in November noted that Bitcoin adoption in Canada remains low at around five per cent. The authors suggest young Canadians may be more likely to use Bitcoin because it is easier for them to purchase the digital currency than to open a formal bank account.

The Bank of Canada doesn91Ƶt have the legislative authority from Parliament to offer a digital currency, only to design, issue and distribute the bills stuffed inside wallets and handed over a counter.

The Finance Department has looked at legislation linked to a central bank digital currency of CBDC, although one March email noted that no other countries had 91Ƶdeliberately amended legislation91Ƶ to allow one.

The email noted that even in Sweden, 91Ƶwidely considered to be at the forefront of the movement towards CBDC among advanced economies,91Ƶ the government is expecting a report late next year on whether the central bank should have the power to issue a digital currency.

How fast Canadian officials move is likely to depend on how quickly major stablecoins roll out, Kronick said. He pointed to Facebook91Ƶs planned stablecoin in particular because it would be easily adopted by the social media giant91Ƶs users.

91ƵI would like them to get ahead of it, but governments are notoriously slower-moving until they have to,91Ƶ Kronick said.

91ƵJordan Press, The Canadian Press





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