The worldwide seafood industry is steeling itself for price hikes, supply disruptions and potential job losses as new rounds of economic sanctions on Russia make key species such as cod and crab harder to come by.

The latest round of U.S. attempts to punish Russia for the invasion of Ukraine The U.S. is also stripping 91裸聊视频渕ost favored nation status91裸聊视频� from Russia. Nations around the world are taking similar steps.

Russia is one of the largest producers of seafood in the world, and was the fifth-largest producer of wild-caught fish, according to a 2020 report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Russia is not one of the biggest exporters of seafood to the U.S., but it91裸聊视频檚 a world leader in exports of cod (the preference for fish and chips in the U.S.). It91裸聊视频檚 also a major supplier of crabs and Alaska pollock, widely used in fast-food sandwiches and processed products like fish sticks.

The impact is likely to be felt globally, as well as in places with working waterfronts. One of those is Maine, where more than $50 million in seafood products from Russia passed through Portland in 2021, according to federal statistics.

91裸聊视频淚f you91裸聊视频檙e getting cod from Russia, it91裸聊视频檚 going to be a problem,91裸聊视频� said Glen Libby, an owner of Port Clyde Fresh Catch, a seafood market in Tenants Harbor, Maine. 91裸聊视频淭hat91裸聊视频檚 quite a mess. We91裸聊视频檒l see how it turns out.91裸聊视频�

Russia exported more than 28 million pounds (12.7 million kilograms) of cod to the U.S. from Jan. 1, 2020, to Jan. 31, 2022, according to census data.

The European Union and United Kingdom are both deeply dependent on Russian seafood. And prices of seafood are already spiking in Japan, a major seafood consumer that is limiting its trade with Russia.

In the U.K., where fish and chips are a cultural marker, shop owners and consumers alike are bracing for price surges. British fish and chip shops were already facing a squeeze because of soaring energy costs and rising food prices.

Andrew Crook, head of the National Federation of Fish Friers, said earlier this month that 91裸聊视频� even before the war 91裸聊视频� he expected a third of Britain91裸聊视频檚 fish and chip shops to go out of business. If fish prices shoot up even higher, 91裸聊视频渨e are in real dire straits,91裸聊视频� he said.

In mid-March, the U.K. slapped a 35% tariff hike on Russian whitefish, including chip-shop staples cod and haddock.

91裸聊视频淲e91裸聊视频檙e a massive part of U.K. culture and it would be a shame to see that go,91裸聊视频� he told broadcaster ITV.

U.S. consumers are most likely to notice the impact of sanctions via price and availability of fish, said Kanae Tokunaga, who runs the Coastal and Marine Economics Lab at Gulf of Maine Research Institute in Portland.

91裸聊视频淏ecause seafood is a global commodity, even if they are not harvested in Russia, you will notice the price hike,91裸聊视频� Tokunaga said.

In the U.S., the dependence on foreign cod stems to the loss of its own once-robust Atlantic cod fishery that cratered in the face of overfishing and environmental changes. U.S. fishermen, based mostly in New England, brought more than 100 million pounds (45.4 million kilograms) of cod to the docks per year in the early 1980s, but the 2020 catch was less than 2 million pounds (900,000 kilograms).

Regulators , and many fishermen targeting other East Coast groundfish species such as haddock and flounder now avoid cod altogether.

Seafood processors in Massachusetts are concerned about job losses due to loss of Russian products, Democratic U.S. Sen. Ed Markey, who does support sanctions on Russia, said.

91裸聊视频淚 have heard from seafood processors in my home state with concerns about potential sudden effects of a new, immediate ban on imports on their workforce, including hundreds of union workers in the seafood processing industry,91裸聊视频� he said on the Senate floor in February.

For U.S. producers of seafood staples such as fish and chips, the lack of Russian cod could mean pivoting to other foreign sources, said Walt Golet, a research assistant professor at the University of Maine91裸聊视频檚 School of Marine Sciences.

91裸聊视频淲e might be able to bring in more from Norway, a little more from Canadian fisheries,91裸聊视频� Golet said. 91裸聊视频淚t really is driven by the price of those imports.91裸聊视频�

As an alternative, producers and consumers could try underutilized fish species caught domestically, such as Atlantic pollock and redfish, said Ben Martens, executive director of Maine Coast Fishermen91裸聊视频檚 Association.

91裸聊视频淢aybe this is a time to use haddock or hake or maybe monkfish, something different,91裸聊视频� Martens said. 91裸聊视频淚f it91裸聊视频檚 going to disrupt supply chains it does present an opportunity for other species to fill that void.91裸聊视频�

91裸聊视频擯atrick Whittle, The Associated Press