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Hip-hop turns 50, reinventing itself and swaths of the world along the way

Hip-hop 91Ƶconnects to what is true, and what is true, lasts91Ƶ
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Rappers Wiz Khalifa, left, and Snoop Dogg perform at Hip-Hop 50 Live, celebrating 50 years of hip-hop on Friday, Aug. 11, 2023, at Yankee Stadium in the Bronx borough of New York. (Photo by Scott Roth/Invision/AP)

Hip-hop was born in the break 91Ƶ that moment when a song91Ƶs vocals dropped, instruments quieted down and the beat took the stage.

At the hands of the DJs, that break moment became more: a composition in itself. The MCs got in on it, speaking their own clever rhymes. So did the dancers, b-boys and b-girls. Graffiti artists took it to the streets of New York City.

Hip-hop spread around the country and the world. At each step: change, adaptation. Art, culture, fashion, community, social justice, politics, sports, business: Hip-hop has impacted them all.

In hip-hop, 91Ƶwhen someone does it, then that91Ƶs how it91Ƶs done. When someone does something different, then that91Ƶs a new way,91Ƶ says Babatunde Akinboboye, a Nigerian-American opera singer and longtime hip-hop fan in Los Angeles, who

Hip-hop 91Ƶconnects to what is true. And what is true, lasts.91Ƶ

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Those looking for a starting point have landed on Aug. 11, 1973, when Clive Campbell, known as DJ Kool Herc around the Bronx, deejayed a party. Campbell had started extending the musical breaks of records and speaking over the beat. It wasn91Ƶt long before the style could be heard all over the city.

And then in 1979, The Sugarhill Gang put out 91Ƶ 91Ƶ and introduced a rap record that would reach as high as 36 on Billboard91Ƶs Top 100 chart list.

Michael 91ƵWonder Mike91Ƶ Wright says he knew the song was 91Ƶgoing to be big. 91ƵI knew it was going to blow up and play all over the world because it was a new genre of music,91Ƶ he tells The Associated Press.

And Guy 91ƵMaster Gee91Ƶ O91ƵBrien says, 91ƵIf you couldn91Ƶt sing or you couldn91Ƶt play an instrument, you could recite poetry and speak your mind. And so it became accessible to the everyman.91Ƶ

Female voices took their chances, like Roxanne Shante, who became one of the first female MCs to gain a wider audience. Other women have joined her, from Queen Latifah to Lil91Ƶ Kim to Nicki Minaj to Megan Thee Stallion and more.

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Over the years, hip-hop has been used as a medium for just about everything. Mainstream America hasn91Ƶt always been ready for it. though.

Coming from America91Ƶs Black communities, that has also meant hip-hop has been a tool to speak out against injustice, like in 1982 when Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five told the world in 91Ƶ ,91Ƶ about the stresses of poverty in their city neighborhoods.

And Public Enemy91Ƶs 91ƵFight the Power91Ƶ became an anthem when it was created for filmmaker Spike Lee91Ƶs 1989 classic 91ƵDo the Right Thing,91Ƶ which chronicled racial tension in a Brooklyn neighborhood.

Some in hip-hop pulled no punches but often those messages have been met with fear or disdain in the mainstream. When N.W.A. came 91ƵStraight Outta Compton91Ƶ in 1988 with loud, brash tales of police abuse and gang life, radio stations recoiled.

Hip-hop (mainly that done by Black artists) and law enforcement have had a contentious relationship over the years, each eyeing the other with suspicion. There91Ƶs been cause for some of it. In some forms of hip-hop the ties between rappers and criminal figures were real, and violence spiraled out, as in high-profile deaths like that of Tupac Shakur in 1996 and The Notorious B.I.G. in 1997. But in a country where Black people are often looked at with suspicion by authority, there have also been plenty of stereotypes about hip-hop and criminality.

As hip-hop spread, a host of voices have used it to speak out, like Bobby Sanchez, a Peruvian American transgender, two-spirit poet and rapper in Quechua, the language of the Wari people that her father came from.

91ƵI think it91Ƶs very special and cool when artists use it to reflect society because it makes it bigger than just them,91Ƶ Sanchez says. 91ƵTo me, it91Ƶs always political, really, no matter what you91Ƶre talking about, because hip-hop, in a way, is a form of resistance.91Ƶ

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When hip-hop first started being absorbed globally, it often mimicked American styles, says P. Khalil Saucier, who has studied its journey across the Africa continent. These days, homegrown hip-hop can be found everywhere.

91ƵThe culture as a whole has kind of really rooted itself because it91Ƶs been able to now transform itself from simply an importation, if you will, to now really being local in its multiple manifestations, regardless of what country you91Ƶre looking at,91Ƶ says Saucier, a professor of critical Black studies at Bucknell University in Pennsylvania.

That91Ƶs to everyone91Ƶs benefit, says Rishma Dhaliwal, founder of London91Ƶs .

91ƵHip-hop is 91Ƶ allowing you in someone91Ƶs world. It91Ƶs allowing you into someone91Ƶs struggles,91Ƶ she says. 91ƵIt91Ƶs a big microphone to say, `Well, the streets say this is what is going on here and this is what you might not know about us. This is how we feel, and this is who we are.91Ƶ91Ƶ

Hip-hop has also gone into other spaces and made them different.

For Usha Jey, hip-hop was the perfect thing to mix with the classical South Asian dance style of Bharatanatyam. The 26-year-old French choreographer last year showing the two styles interacting with each other.

Hip-hop culture 91Ƶpushes you to be you,91Ƶ Jey says. 91ƵI feel like in the pursuit of finding yourself, hip-hop helps me because that culture says, you91Ƶve got to be you.91Ƶ

Hip-hop is 91Ƶa magical art form,91Ƶ says Nile Rodgers, . He would know. It was his song 91ƵGood Times,91Ƶ with the band Chic, that was recreated to form the basis for 91ƵRapper91Ƶs Delight91Ƶ all those years ago.

91ƵThe impact that it91Ƶs had on the world, it really can91Ƶt be quantified,91Ƶ Rodgers says. 91ƵYou can find someone in a village that you91Ƶve never been to, a country that you91Ƶve never been to, and all of a sudden you hear its own local hip-hop. And you don91Ƶt even know who these people are, but they91Ƶve adopted it and have made it their own.91Ƶ

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