Plumes of pink smoke. Explosions of blue. Expectant parents laughing, screaming, fainting, shooting arrows or even guns. The new documentary 91ƵEvery Body91Ƶ opens with footage of the often absurd practice of elaborate 91Ƶgender reveals.91Ƶ
But by the end of this illuminating film, we91Ƶre forced to confront something much deeper and more insidious: society91Ƶs need to divide humans into a binary system, and the sometimes disastrous results for those born with reproductive or sexual anatomy that isn91Ƶt neatly 91Ƶmale91Ƶ or 91Ƶfemale.91Ƶ
The term 91Ƶintersex91Ƶ is one many are unfamiliar with (91Ƶwhatever THAT is,91Ƶ scoffs a certain former Fox News pundit in an early news clip). Hopefully, director Julie Cohen91Ƶs 91Ƶ deftly weaving hope and some joy, too, into its sobering lesson 91Ƶ will help change that.
Cohen, about Ruth Bader Ginsburg, chooses to tell her story through three main subjects who are now proudly open about their bodies and lives, despite childhoods shrouded in confusion, secrecy and often pain 91Ƶ especially from medically unnecessary corrective surgeries.
The filmmakers, citing experts, say up to 1.7% of the population is born with some intersex traits. One such person is Alicia Roth Weigel, a political consultant and activist in Austin, Texas. Roth Weigel, blonde and blue-eyed, notes she used to absolutely clean up in the online dating world 91Ƶ but that was before she came out publicly as intersex.
She tells us she was born with XY chromosomes 91Ƶ the typical genetic makeup of a male 91Ƶ and with a vagina, but no ovaries. Rather, she had testes, which were surgically removed when she was a child. 91ƵThat91Ƶs a castration,91Ƶ she says bluntly.
And although Roth Weigel shares photos depicting a happy youth surrounded by friends, she describes a painful side to her young life, carrying around tampons to give the impression that she, too, menstruated, or being instructed by doctors to use painful means to create a vaginal canal, alone in her room, as a child 91Ƶ a situation so secret, even her brother didn91Ƶt know.
As for Sean Saifa Wall, he shows us birth documents where his gender is classified 91Ƶambiguous,91Ƶ then crossed out and assigned 91Ƶfemale.91Ƶ Born with a mix of male and female characteristics, he, like Weigel Roth, underwent a gonadectomy, and was treated as a girl even though he always felt like a boy.
Then there is River Gallo, a nonbinary artist and actor who at age 12 underwent surgery to implant prosthetic testes. Gallo, who uses they/them pronouns, describes telling an early girlfriend in college that they had had testicular cancer, rather than explaining the real reason she wouldn91Ƶt get pregnant.
These conversations are instructive but also uplifting, showing three people who91Ƶve found satisfaction and purpose in their activism, which is aimed at preventing invasive surgery on children too young to decide for themselves. (A slogan, at rallies: 91ƵUnless I say, scalpels away.91Ƶ)
The disturbing middle section of the film focuses on the late John Money, a sexologist at Johns Hopkins University who essentially posited that gender was determined by social conditioning, meaning one could raise a child to be a different gender than genetics dictated.
His influence was profound in the field, and also in the life of David Reimer, subject of what became known as the John/Joan case. One of a pair of twin boys, he was maimed during a botched circumcision. Reimer91Ƶs mother consulted with Money and decided to raise him as a girl, named Brenda.
In a story told in archival news clips, we learn how David was miserable as a girl, ripping off his dress, and reclaimed his male gender later through painful surgery, eventually marrying a woman and going public to spare others the same fate. He tragically ended his life at 38.
Reimer91Ƶs mother appears in clips, devastated that she hurt her son by forcing him to be female. Although he was not intersex, Reimer91Ƶs story resonates deeply for the subjects of Cohen91Ƶs film, who say their own parents were merely doing what they thought best. Cohen captures a particularly moving scene between Gallo and their mother, weeping as they embrace. Still, Gallo quips: 91ƵI don91Ƶt think she91Ƶll ever get my pronouns right.91Ƶ
Near the end, harking back to those early scenes of gender reveals, it91Ƶs especially striking to hear one intersex activist express the wish that they91Ƶll someday see expectant parents erect a sign in their yard that91Ƶs not pink or blue 91Ƶ but rather yellow.
And, that they will merely announce: 91ƵIt91Ƶs a baby.91Ƶ
91ƵEvery Body,91Ƶ a Focus Features release, has been rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America 91Ƶfor some language and graphic nude images.91Ƶ Running time: 92 minutes. Three stars out of four.
READ ALSO: