Communication between people is less effective when it91Ƶs done through technology as opposed to in person 91Ƶ and remote video chatting may even require a greater level of concentration, a new study by Montreal researchers suggests.
The study91Ƶs results, its authors say, could help explain 91ƵZoom fatigue91Ƶ 91Ƶ the discomfort that many felt during the COVID-19 pandemic after spending entire days participating in online meetings.
91ƵOur findings clearly demonstrate the price we pay for technology,91Ƶ the authors say in the study, called 91ƵTechnologically-assisted communication attenuates inter-brain synchrony,91Ƶ published in the December 2022 issue of the open-access journal NeuroImage.
Guillaume Dumas, a researcher with Université de Montréal and the Sainte-Justine children91Ƶs hospital, along with colleagues, used an electroencephalogram 91Ƶ a test that measures electrical activity in the brain 91Ƶ to examine the brains of mothers and their children. Sixty-two mother-child pairs were studied; their brain activity was measured when they were talking in person and through a remote video chat.
The researchers found that participants91Ƶ brains 91Ƶsynchronized91Ƶ when they were in each other91Ƶs presence but did not do so when they were chatting through a screen. Researchers said they were able to observe nine important 91Ƶcross-brain links91Ƶ between participants during in-person conversation, compared to only one link during the virtual chat.
They said they think the links formed during in-person discussion permit people to communicate emotions or offer non-verbal cues.
91ƵIt91Ƶs the adage about being on the same wavelength,91Ƶ Dumas said, adding that it91Ƶs clear from the study that certain cross-brain links are absent when people talk through video conferencing software.
91ƵWe pay a bit of a price by using technology to communicate by having lower-quality and less authentic communication, compared to what our brain is used to (and) what it was made for.91Ƶ
The human brain is the result of tens of thousands of years of evolution, while technology is rapidly evolving, he said. The brain, he added, is configured to manage interactions and communications with others face to face.
Researchers found that during in-person discussions, the frontal regions of the mother91Ƶs brain linked to each of the regions measured in the child91Ƶs brain. The frontal cortex is associated with high social functions, including social cognition and decision-making in a social context.
In-person communication, Dumas said, makes it easier to convey and identify non-verbal cues, to anticipate what the other person might say and to recognize innuendo 91Ƶ subtleties that are more difficult to identify when speaking over a screen.
The study, he added, raises concerns about youth 91Ƶ who heavily use technology to communicate.
There are neuroscience experiments that show there are critical periods for youth to learn certain social norms that can be harder to pick up later in the developmental process, he said. The use of technology also opens the door to certain habits that were more difficult to do in-person, like cyberbullying.
91ƵPeople who would not have acted out (in person) have much less difficulty in exhibiting toxic behaviour on the internet,91Ƶ Dumas said.
91ƵZoom fatigue,91Ƶ he said, can be caused by delayed social feedback, difficulty sustaining attention, by people not showing their faces, by posture issues, or by responses that are slow in coming due to muted microphones. Reduced brain synchronization, Dumas said, can be added to that list.
91ƵWe may end up concluding that a 15-minute in-person meeting is more effective than an hour-long online meeting.91Ƶ
91ƵJean-Benoit Legault, The Canadian Press